Scenario II Lazarus and Folkman (1984) Proposed a Three-Step Model of Coping

question 7

Multiple Choice

Scenario II
Lazarus and Folkman (1984) proposed a three-step model of coping. People first make primary appraisals to determine if stimuli are stressful or not. If a stimulus is determined to be a stressor, people make secondary appraisals to determine if they can be successfully handled. The cognitive-behavioral strategies used to actually deal with stressors are termed coping styles. While coping styles can be classified in different ways, they usually involve either approaching (rational coping) or avoiding or repressing (repressive coping) the stressful stimulus. Rational coping has both problem-focused and emotional components and typically involves an acceptance of, exposure to, and understanding of the stressor. In addition to repressive and rational coping, a coping style based on reframing involves changing the way one thinks about a stressor to reduce its threat.
-(Scenario II) Which is the BEST example of secondary appraisal?

• A)a user of hallucinogenic drugs determining whether the snake he sees crawling up the wall is real
• B)a job applicant conceptualizing the process as an opportunity to interview prospective employers
• C)a person determining if the spot on his shirt is coffee or blood
• D)a student determining if a bad grade can be overcome or is likely to result in course failure

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A process in operant conditioning where a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.

Spontaneous Recovery

The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a pause, without further conditioning.

Classical Conditioning

A training technique involving the recurrent pairing of two stimuli, leading to a reaction initially provoked by the second stimulus being ultimately provoked by just the first stimulus.

Cognitive Psychologists

Professionals who study mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem-solving, creativity, and thinking."