Scenario II Lazarus and Folkman (1984) Proposed a Three-Step Model of Coping

question 13

Multiple Choice

Scenario II
Lazarus and Folkman (1984) proposed a three-step model of coping. People first make primary appraisals to determine if stimuli are stressful or not. If a stimulus is determined to be a stressor, people make secondary appraisals to determine if they can be successfully handled. The cognitive-behavioral strategies used to actually deal with stressors are termed coping styles. While coping styles can be classified in different ways, they usually involve either approaching (rational coping) or avoiding or repressing (repressive coping) the stressful stimulus. Rational coping has both problem-focused and emotional components and typically involves an acceptance of, exposure to, and understanding of the stressor. In addition to repressive and rational coping, a coping style based on reframing involves changing the way one thinks about a stressor to reduce its threat.
-(Scenario II) In a classic study in cognitive psychology, participants told not to think of white bears actually reported more thoughts about white bears than controls exposed to pictures of white bears but not given the instruction. These results, when extrapolated to coping style, suggest that:

• A)people may find it difficult to successfully cope using repressive strategies.
• B)exposure-based coping is more effective than reframing.
• C)secondary appraisal modulates the effectiveness of exposure-based coping.
• D)people are more likely to utilize repressive coping than rational coping.

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Definitions:

Declarative Memory

A type of long-term memory that involves the recall of specific facts and events, which can be consciously retrieved and articulated.

Chronological Recollections

Memories arranged or remembered in the order of their occurrence in time.

Episodic

Related to events or experiences that are temporal in nature and can be explicitly recalled, often part of episodic memory.

Episodic Memory

A kind of enduring memory focusing on the retrieval of distinct moments, scenarios, and personal encounters, incorporating both the emotional and environmental aspects related to them.