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question 12

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on and presents fabricated results consistent with the following study:
Kim,I.K. ,& Spelke,E.S.(1992) .Infants' sensitivity to effects of gravity on visual object motion.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,18(2) ,385-393.
Kim and Spelke (1992) investigated the extent to which infants have expectancies of gravitational effects on visual object motion.Infants of 3 and 5 months of age repeatedly watched a video of a ball accelerating as it rolled down an incline until they spent little time actively looking at it.Subsequently,two types of test trials were conducted in randomized order.Type A test trials consisted of a ball slowing down as it rolled up an incline.Type B test trials consisted of a ball slowing down as it rolled down an incline.During all trials,the amount of time looking at each visual display was recorded.Fabricated data consistent with the major finding of this study are presented in Figure 11.1.
Figure 11.1
Note that "Age 5" and "Age 3" in the legend refer to months of age.
-(Scenario I) Evidence of the presence or absence of gravitational expectancies were operationally defined in terms of:

Definitions:

Ottawa Chief

A title referring to the leader of the Ottawa, a Native American people historically located in the Great Lakes region, often associated with leaders like Pontiac who played significant roles in colonial-era conflicts.

Indian Uprising

A revolt or rebellion by Indigenous peoples against colonial or national authorities, often aiming to assert rights, autonomy, or resist displacement.

Pontiac

A leader among the Native American Ottawa people, known for his role in Pontiac's War against British forces in the 18th century.

Fur Trade

The exchange of animal fur, especially beaver pelts, between trappers, traders, and indigenous peoples for goods.