Scenario II The Following Model of Emotion Is Based on the Following

question 8

Multiple Choice

Scenario II
The following model of emotion is based on the following work:
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) . Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 155-184.
Psychologist Joseph LeDoux tracked the neural mechanisms underlying the fear response in rats. Rats were exposed to the sound of a tone followed by an electric shock. After a few tone-shock pairings, the tone elicited species-typical defense behaviors such as freezing and increased sympathetic activity (e.g., an increase in heart rate) . Using this fear-conditioning paradigm, LeDoux argued for the existence of both fast and slow neural pathways underlying the fear response. A particular brain structure (arbitrary labeled "A") simultaneously routes sensory information to structures "B" and "C." In the fast pathway, information is routed to structure "C"-a limbic structure long known to be involved in emotional experiences such as fear-where it is rapidly assessed. If appraised as a threat, structure "C" activates the fear response. In the slow pathway, information travels to other structures in the brain (labeled "B") involved in planning and more advanced decision-making. The results of the appraisal by structure "B" is used by structure "C" to continue or terminate the fear response.
-(Scenario II) In the fear-conditioning paradigm, what constitutes the unconditioned stimulus?

• A)shock
• B)tone
• C)increased heart rate elicited by the tone
• D)freezing behavior elicited by the shock

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