Explain How Hardiness,optimism,spirituality,and Rumination May Influence Responses to Stress

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Hardiness: Resilient people possess a set of attitudes called hardiness.Hardy people view change as a challenge rather than a threat,are committed to their life and work,and believe they can control events.Hardy individuals have the courage and motivation to confront stressors and engage in problem solving to contend with them.In addition,people with attitudes toward life reflected high levels of control,commitment,and challenge remained healthier than those whose attitudes didn't.
Optimism: Optimistic people are more productive,focused,persistent,and better at handling frustration than pessimists.Optimism is also associated with a lower mortality rate,a more vigorous immune response,lower distress in infertile women trying to have a child,better surgical outcomes,and fewer physical complaints.
Spirituality: Spirituality is a search for the sacred,which may or may not extend to belief in God.Compared with nonreligious people,religious people have lower mortality rates,improved immune system functioning,lower blood pressure,and a greater ability to recover from illnesses,likely because of a prohibition of health risk behaviours in various religions (e.g. ,drinking,smoking,unsafe sex),social support from religious groups,and having a sense of purpose in life may enhance coping.
Rumination: Some of us spend a great deal of time ruminating-focusing on how bad we feel and endlessly analyzing the causes and consequences of our problems.Individuals who ruminate tend to have higher heart rates and blood pressure following stressors,problems in romantic relationships,and higher rates of depression (especially in women).

Explain How Hardiness,optimism,spirituality,and Rumination May Influence Responses to Stress

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