Identify and Describe the Three Crucial Warning Signs That a Claim

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--Overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypotheses.An ad hoc immunizing hypothesis is just an escape hatch that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from being falsified.When proponents of a theory come across negative evidence,they often try to explain it away by invoking loopholes.Sometimes these loopholes are justified,but in other cases they amount to nothing more than excuses for negative findings.
--Lack of self-correction.As we've learned,many scientific claims turn out to be wrong.In science,incorrect claims tend to be weeded out eventually,even though it often takes a while.In contrast,in pseudoscience,incorrect claims never seem to go away because their proponents cling to them stubbornly despite contrary evidence.
--Overreliance on anecdotes.There's an old saying that "the plural of anecdote is not data." A mountain of numerous anecdotes may seem impressive,but it shouldn't persuade us to put much stock in others' claims.Anecdotes are I know a person who assertions.This kind of secondhand evidence-"I know a person who says his self-esteem skyrocketed after receiving hypnosis";"I know a person who tried to commit suicide after taking an antidepressant"-is commonplace in everyday life.

Identify and Describe the Three Crucial Warning Signs That a Claim

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