Most Students Expect That If They Spend More Time Studying

question 102

Multiple Choice

Most students expect that if they spend more time studying, the outcome will be improved grades in the course. This supposes that:

• A)​a positive relationship exists between studying and grades.
• B)​a negative relationship exists between studying and grades.
• C)​grades are independent variables.
• D)​grades are not dependent variables.

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Definitions:

Constructive Processing

The way in which our memory reconstructs past events, often influenced by current knowledge, feelings, and thoughts.

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it, often referred to as the "I knew it all along" effect.

Misinformation Effect

The tendency of misleading information presented after an event to alter the memories of the event itself.

Loftus

Refers to Elizabeth Loftus, a cognitive psychologist best known for her work on the malleability of human memory and the misinformation effect.