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In This Excerpt from the Sidereal Messenger (Evaluating the Evidence

question 51

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In this excerpt from The Sidereal Messenger (Evaluating the Evidence 16.1) , Galileo wrote about constructing a telescope and using it to view the surface of the moon. ". . . from my observations of them [spots on the moon], often repeated, I have been led to that opinion which I have expressed, namely, that I feel sure that the surface of the moon is not perfectly smooth, free from inequalities and exactly spherical, as a large school of philosophers considers with regard to the moon and the other heavenly bodies, but that, on the contrary, it is full of inequalities, uneven, full of hollows and protuberances, just like the surface of the earth itself, which is varied everywhere by lofty mountains and deep valleys."
Galileo's observations led him to


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