The Following Is an Excerpt from the Transcript of the Trial

question 57

Multiple Choice

The following is an excerpt from the transcript of the trial of Joan of Arc (Evaluating the Evidence 11.2) : "Asked whether she had heard her voice since Saturday, she answered: 'Yes, indeed, many times.' . . . Asked what it said to her when she was back in her room, she replied: 'That I should answer you boldly.' . . . Questioned as to whether it were the voice of an angel, or of a saint, or directly from God, she answered that the voices were those of Saint Catherine and of Saint Margaret. And their heads are crowned with beautiful crowns, most richly and preciously. And [she said] for [telling you] this I have leave from our Lord. . . ."
This exchange between Joan and her interrogators suggests which of the following?

• A)That Joan was aware of the fact that she might be in the thrall of the Devil
• B)That Joan was uncertain about who spoke to her, knowing only that the voices were divine
• C)That Joan believed that all of her spiritual messages were given to her directly from Christ
• D)That Joan believed herself to be in frequent communication with God and the saints

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Definitions:

Self-Interest

The consideration of one's own advantage or well-being above the well-being or interests of others.

Free Public Education

An educational system financed by government funds, where schooling is provided to students at no cost to the families.

State-Supported Schools

Institutions primarily funded and managed by the government aimed at providing free or affordable education to the public.

Liberty

The situation in which an individual is not subject to overbearing restrictions by power figures on their lifestyle, behavior, or political thought.