Analysis of Kidney Function in Simple Vertebrates Suggests That the Earliest

question 12

Multiple Choice

Analysis of kidney function in simple vertebrates suggests that the earliest vertebrate nephron functioned mainly to

• A) remove excess water.
• B) remove excess salts.
• C) remove excess nutrients.
• D) filter nitrogenous wastes.
• E) conserve water.

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Definitions:

Pleasant Stimulus

Any event, object, or situation that causes a positive emotional response.

Unpleasant Stimulus

refers to any object, event, or situation that is undesirable or causes discomfort, leading to avoidance behavior in individuals.

Removal

The act of taking something away or eliminating it from a particular location or situation.

Variable-interval Schedule

A schedule used in operant conditioning where a reward is given for a response at random time intervals.