When the Data Being Studied Are Gathered from a Published

question 98

Multiple Choice

When the data being studied are gathered from a published source, this is referred to as a(n) ________.

• A) existing data source
• B) observational data source
• C) experimental data source
• D) cross-sectional data source

Distinguish between dependent and independent t-tests and their applications.

Understand the impact of changing alpha levels on hypothesis testing.

Grasp the effect of sample size on the standard error of the difference and t-statistic values.

Apply the t-test appropriately to various research scenarios.

---

Definitions:

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

Values

Core beliefs or principles that guide behavior and decision-making within an individual or organization.

Assumptions

Beliefs or ideas taken for granted without verification.

Social Identity Theory

A psychological framework that explains how individuals define themselves and others based on group memberships, leading to in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination.