Whenever the F-Ratio Is near 1

question 12

Multiple Choice

Whenever the F-ratio is near 1.00 it means that

• A)a mistake has been made in the computation.
• B)there are large systematic effects present.
• C)the experimental manipulation probably had the predicted effects.
• D)the between-groups variation is no larger than would be expected by chance alone and no larger than the within groups variance.

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Definitions:

α

Denotes the level of significance in hypothesis testing; a threshold below which the p-value must fall for results to be considered statistically significant.

Type I Error

Occurs when a true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected, falsely indicating that there is a significant effect when there is none.

Lowering Alpha

The process of reducing the alpha level, or the significance level, to decrease the likelihood of committing a Type I error in statistical hypothesis testing.

Type II Error

The error that occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected, implying a miss in detecting an actual effect or difference.