If an ATP Synthase Contains 12 C Subunits, 3 α

question 8

Multiple Choice

If an ATP synthase contains 12 c subunits, 3 α subunits and 3 β subunits, how many protons must pass through this complex for every ATP molecule synthesized and transported to the cytosol, assuming that each ATP synthesized requires one proton for transport to the cytosol.

• A) 3
• B) 4
• C) 5
• D) 12
• E) 13

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Definitions:

Moral

Pertaining to principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or badness of human character.

Involuntary Euthanasia

Euthanasia conducted without the explicit consent of the individual, where the decision is made by another party because the individual is incapable of doing so.

Voluntary Euthanasia

The act of intentionally ending a person’s life at their request, to relieve them of suffering.

Nonvoluntary Euthanasia

Euthanasia performed when the consent of the patient is unavailable, such as when the patient is comatose or lacks the capacity to make decisions.