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This year Joseph joined the board of directors. Besides his director's fees, Joseph received the following employee benefits:
The stock bonus consisted of 5,000 shares of Bell stock given to Joseph as compensation. At the time of the transfer the stock was listed at $4 per share. What amounts, if any, should Joseph include in gross income this year?
Availability
In psychology, it refers to the ease with which a particular thought or memory can be accessed from memory, often influencing judgments and decision-making.
Representativeness
A cognitive heuristic where an individual categorizes a situation based on how similar it is to the typical case or to their standard representation of such a case.
Heuristics
Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision making, often used unconsciously to make judgments and solve problems quickly.
Additive Strategies
Decision-making methods where alternatives are analyzed and evaluated by systematically adding their attributes to make a choice.
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