A survey of online consumers asked respondents to indicate how much money they spent for online purchases during the most recent Christmas holiday season. These data were analyzed to see if gender (1= Female; 2 = Male) and income level (1 = Low, 2 = Middle, 3 = High) influence the amount consumers spend online for holiday shopping. The two-way ANOVA results appear below. 
a. Is this an experiment or observational study?
b. Are the conditions for two-way ANOVA met?
c. If so, perform the hypothesis tests and state your conclusions in terms of amount spent online, gender and income level.
d. Is it appropriate to interpret the main effects in this case separately? Explain.
Definitions:
Economy's Potential
Refers to the maximum sustainable level of output an economy can produce, taking into account its resources and technology.
Time Preference
An individual's predisposition to prioritize present benefits over future benefits.
Real Interest Rates
The interest rates adjusted for inflation, more accurately representing the cost of borrowing and the yield on savings than the nominal interest rate.
Productive Projects
Initiatives or activities undertaken by firms or individuals that result in increased outputs or efficiency.
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