The Orbits of the Planets Can Be Modeled Easily by Assuming

question 80

Essay

The orbits of the planets can be modeled easily by assuming i). that the sun is a perfect sphere and ii). that each planet is influenced only by the gravitational field of the sun (that is, each planet is unperturbed by gravitational forces from other planets, distant stars, etc.). According to Newton's (classical) theory of gravity, these assumptions result in elliptical planetary orbits with the sun at one focus. That is, the orbit can be described by the polar equation . However, according to Einstein's (relativistic) theory of gravitation, the orbits are more accurately described by , where is a constant such that . Describe how the inclusion of the factor affects the orbit. That is, compare the classical orbit to the relativistic orbit. How do they differ? Draw figures that summarize the differences in the classical and relativistic orbits.

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Definitions:

Dilate

To widen or enlarge.

Cervix

The lower, narrow part of the uterus that connects to the vagina in female anatomy.

Lightening

In pregnancy, the descent of the fetus into the pelvic cavity before the onset of labor.

Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs that plays a crucial role in the respiratory process by helping to inhale and exhale air.