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Randomness characterizes a procedure whose outcome cannot be predicted because it depends on chance.
Postreinforcement Pause
A cessation of behavior following reinforcement on a ratio schedule, which is followed by resumption of responding at the intensity characteristic of that ratio schedule.
Behavioral Contrast
The phenomenon where the rate of response to one stimulus changes as a consequence of a change in reinforcement conditions for another stimulus.
Variable-Interval Schedule
A Variable-Interval Schedule is a type of reinforcement schedule where responses are reinforced after varying intervals of time, making the reinforcement unpredictable.
Primary Reinforcement
A reinforcer that satisfies a basic biological need, such as food, water, or sleep, and is inherently rewarding.
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