The Prevention of Inflammatory Immune Responses to Inhaled Antigens in Healthy

question 21

Multiple Choice

The prevention of inflammatory immune responses to inhaled antigens in healthy individuals has mechanisms in common with those that prevent inflammatory immune responses to commensal microbes in the gut. One important component of immune regulation shared by these two situations is:

• A) The presence of tissue-resident dendritic cells that produce IL-23 when activated
• B) The presence of tissue-resident mast cells that bind IgE through the high affinity IgE receptor
• C) The high levels of constitutive IL-10 present in the mucosal surfaces of both the airway and the gastrointestinal tract
• D) The induction of increased numbers of IFN-\(\gamma\)-producing T cells and ILCs in the airway and gastrointestinal epithelium
• E) The important role for CD4 regulatory T cells in suppressing inflammatory immune responses in these tissues

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Definitions:

Area

The extent or measurement of a surface; the size of a two-dimensional space.

Z-score

A statistical measure that indicates the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean.

Normal Random Variable

A random variable that has a distribution defined by a normal curve, characterized by its mean and variance.

Mean

A measure of central tendency calculated by dividing the sum of all values in a dataset by the number of values.