Salmonella Typhimurium Is a Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogen That Infects Its $\gamma$

question 26

Multiple Choice

Salmonella typhimurium is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that infects its host via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Early in infection, the bacteria enter and replicate in gut epithelial cells, where the infection provokes a type 3 response, including the development of T_H17 cells, in the GI tract. However, this type 3 response in the GI tract does not eradicate the pathogen, as S. typhimurium has evolved strategies to evade the T_H17 response and to spread systemically by infecting and replicating in macrophages. Therefore, a second phase of the immune response is required to completely eliminate the pathogen from the body, as has been demonstrated in mouse models of S. typhimurium infection. These experiments in mouse models likely showed that:

• A) IFN-\(\gamma\) is required to clear S. typhimurium from the body.
• B) IL-17 is required to clear S. typhimurium from the body.
• C) IL-22 is required to clear S. typhimurium from the body.
• D) IL-13 is required to clear S. typhimurium from the body.
• E) IL-4 is required to clear S. typhimurium from the body.

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Definitions:

Central Nervous System

The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and sending out information.

Stimulants

Substances that increase activity in the central nervous system, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy.

Sensory and Perceptual

Refers to the processes by which we receive, interpret, and understand sensory information from our environment.

Recreational Drug

A substance taken for pleasure or leisure purposes, rather than for medical reasons; can include legal and illegal drugs.