Effector Caspases Are Activated Downstream of Both Extrinsic and Intrinsic

question 36

Multiple Choice

Effector caspases are activated downstream of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Consequently, cells lacking one or more of these enzymes show defects in apoptosis. An alternative means of eliminating the activity of an effector caspase would be to:

• A) Generate a form of the pro-caspase with a mutation in the initiator caspase cleavage site
• B) Express a mutant form the caspase that lacked the pro-domain
• C) Express a constitutively active form of the initiator caspase
• D) Generate a knockout mutation that prevented expression of the Fas receptor
• E) Generate a mutation in the proteins required for autophagy

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Definitions:

Hypothalamus

A region of the brain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems.

Secretory Phase

A phase of the menstrual cycle following ovulation where the endometrium prepares for potential implantation of an embryo.

Uterine Cycle

The monthly cycle of changes in the uterus, including menstruation, in preparation for possible pregnancy.

Progesterone

A hormone released by the ovaries involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.