A Key Feature of TLR Signaling Is the Ability to Induce

question 17

Multiple Choice

A key feature of TLR signaling is the ability to induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression extremely rapidly following TLR stimulation. This is accomplished by signaling pathways using several mechanisms to activate transcription factors that are already present in the cell prior to TLR stimulation, but are kept in an inactive state. These signaling pathways use all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:

• A) Induced ubiquitination leading to protein degradation
• B) Induced ubiquitination inducing protein-protein interactions
• C) Induced phosphorylation leading to nuclear translocation
• D) Induced phosphorylation leading to kinase activation
• E) Induced phosphorylation preventing protein degradation

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Definitions:

Hyperkalemia

A medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood, which can lead to various cardiac and neuromuscular issues.

Arterial Blood Gas

A test that measures the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial blood, used to assess the adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation.

Metabolic Acidosis

A condition characterized by an increase in acidity in the blood and body tissues, often due to the body producing too much acid or the kidneys not removing enough acid.

Acid-Base Imbalance

A disruption in the balance of acid and alkaline compounds in the body, potentially leading to health complications if not corrected.