When Macrophages in a Tissue Encounter Bacteria, They Release Cytokines

question 28

Multiple Choice

When macrophages in a tissue encounter bacteria, they release cytokines that induce an inflammatory response. These cytokines act on other immune cells, to recruit them to the site of infection and to enhance their activities. In addition, these cytokines act on the endothelial cells of the blood vessel wall to:

• A) Increase their permeability, allowing fluid and proteins to leak into the tissue
• B) Solidify the tight junctions to prevent the bacteria from entering the blood
• C) Proliferate, allowing the blood vessel to enlarge
• D) Up-regulate microbicidal mechanisms, so they can kill bacteria
• E) Secrete anti-microbial peptides

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Definitions:

Product Differentiation

The process of distinguishing a product or service from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market.

Barriers to Entry

Factors that make it difficult for new firms to enter an industry, such as high startup costs or strict regulations.

Monopolistically Competitive

Describes a market structure where many firms sell products that are similar but not identical.

Barriers to Entry

Obstacles that prevent new competitors from easily entering an industry or area of business.