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A Leading Motivation for Scientists to Bioengineer Human Organs for Transplant

question 13

Multiple Choice

A leading motivation for scientists to bioengineer human organs for transplant is the trend in the percentage of patients on the organ transplant waiting list who receive a transplant (that is, [Number receiving transplant/Number on the wait list] × 100) , as shown in this graph. Furthermore, although ethnic groups generally donate in proportion to their group's representation in the U.S. population, the need for particular organs in some groups is much higher than in others. For example, chronic kidney disease is three times more common in African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics/Latinos as compared to Caucasians. Although organ compatibility is based on blood type and tissue markers, and not ethnicity, a compatible match is more likely between people of the same ethnic group (that is, with greater genetic similarity) . Thus, bioengineering of human organs can also potentially solve the problem of decreased access to organ transplants among diverse groups of people.
Change in percent of organ transplant waiting list who receive a transplant
-Imagine that fully functioning kidneys have been successfully created through bioengineering. What data analysis would measure the effectiveness of bioengineered organs in improving access to organ transplants among diverse groups of people?

Definitions:

White-Collar Crimes

Non-violent crimes committed by individuals or corporations in the course of their professional lives, often involving financial fraud or corruption.

Lower Classes

A socio-economic group characterized by low income, limited access to education and opportunities, often facing greater societal challenges.

Disproportionately

In a way that is out of proportion or not in an equal or fair ratio relative to another quantity or measure.

Conflict Theory

Generally focuses on large, macro-level structures, such as the relations between classes. It shows how major patterns of inequality in society produce social stability in some circumstances and social change in others. It stresses how members of privileged groups try to maintain their advantages while subordinate groups struggle to increase theirs. It typically leads to the suggestion that eliminating privilege will lower the level of conflict and increase the sum total of human welfare.