Bacteria Participate in Many Ecological Interactions

question 1

Multiple Choice

Bacteria participate in many ecological interactions. Which role typically does not involve symbiosis?

• A) living as commensalists on the skin of humans
• B) providing bioluminescence in fish
• C) digesting food as mutualists in animal intestines
• D) decomposing dead organisms and organic wastes

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Definitions:

Bullwhip Measure

A quantification of the bullwhip effect, which illustrates how variations in demand can be amplified as one moves up the supply chain.

Standard Deviation

A statistical measure of the dispersion or variability in a data set, indicating how much individual data points deviate from the mean or average.

Cash for Clunkers

A government program intended to stimulate the economy and encourage the purchase of new vehicles by offering financial incentives for trading in older, less-efficient cars.

Bullwhip Effect

A phenomenon in supply chains where small variations in demand at the retail level cause progressively larger fluctuations in demand at the wholesale, distributor, and manufacturer levels.