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Giardia Intestinalis Is an Intestinal Parasite of Humans and Other

question 11

Multiple Choice

Giardia intestinalis is an intestinal parasite of humans and other mammals that causes intestinal ailments in most people who ingest the cysts. Upon ingestion, each cyst releases two motile cells, called "trophozoites". These attach to the small intestine's lining via a ventral adhesive disk. The trophozoites anaerobically metabolise glucose from the host's intestinal contents to produce ATP. Reproduction is completely asexual, occurring by longitudinal binary fission of trophozoites, with each daughter cell receiving two haploid nuclei (n = 5) . A trophozoite will often encyst as it passes into the large intestine by secreting around itself a case that is resistant to cold, heat, and dehydration. Infection usually occurs by drinking untreated water that contains cysts.
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Giardia's mitosome can be said to be "doubly degenerate", because it is a degenerate type of ________, an organelle that is itself a degenerate form of ________.

Definitions:

Early Deprivation

The lack of material benefits, emotional nurturing, or stimulation during the early years of life, often leading to long-term developmental issues.

Romanian Infants

Refers to the children from Romanian orphanages who were studied in psychological research to understand the impacts of early institutionalization and deprivation.

Proximal Mothers

This term does not have a widely recognized definition in the context provided. NO.

Distal Mothers

Refers to mothers who provide care from a distance, often due to work or other obligations, impacting the mother-child attachment process.