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Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 23

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Carton, J. S. & Schweitzer, J. B. (1996) . Use of a token economy to increase compliance during hemodialysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 111-113.
Increasing Hemodialysis Compliance
The purpose of this study was to increase a 10-year-old's compliance with daily hemodialysis treatments for his end-stage renal failure. The daily treatment took approximately 4 hours to complete, and throughout the treatment the child would hit, kick, and scream at hospital staff. The researchers decided to try to reduce his outbursts and increase treatment compliance. The researchers began by observing the child for five consecutive days, during which they recorded up to eight noncompliant behaviors every 30 minutes during the 4-hour treatment. The intervention phase was implemented over the next 10 days. It involved giving the child a token for every 30 minutes during the 4-hour hemodialysis procedure that he was not defiant. The tokens could be redeemed for prizes. During the intervention the number of defiant episodes reduced such that at the end he was 100% compliant. Tokens were not given over the next 5 days and behavior resumed to levels observed at the start of the study. When tokens were re-introduced the child quickly adjusted his behavior such that compliance was again at 100%.
-(Scenario II) The study described in Scenario II uses a _____ design.

Definitions:

Simplicity Criterion

A principle that favors simpler explanations or solutions over more complex ones when all else is equal.

Comparative Reasoning

Involves assessing similarities and differences among objects, situations, or ideas to reach a conclusion or make a decision.

Comparative Reasoning

A method of making decisions or understanding issues by comparing them to other similar situations.

Comparative Reasoning

A method of reasoning through the comparison of similar cases, instances, or scenarios to draw conclusions or make decisions.