Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 28

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Grippo, A. J., Beltz, T. G. & Johnson, A. K. (2003) . Behavioral and cardiovascular changes in the chronic mild stress model of depression? Physiology and Behavior, 78, 703-710.
Effect of Mild Chronic Stress on Depression
Nonhuman animals are often used as models to study psychological disorders. Depression can be simulated in rats by applying chronic mild stress (CMS) . The behavioral effects of CMS include anhedonia. In rats, anhedonia is defined as a reduction in locomotor activity. In this study, 17 rats were randomly assigned to receive CMS or no stress for 4 weeks. Rats in both conditions were housed individually in cages equipped with a running wheel to which they had free access. Locomotor activity was quantified by measuring the distance run on the wheel. This was measured weekly throughout the study so that four measurements were obtained for rats in each treatment condition. A mixed-design ANOVA revealed a statistically significant interaction between treatment and time (F(7, 105) = 1.82, p < .05) . Further analyses revealed no difference in the distance run between the two groups at time 1, but that rats exposed to CMS ran significantly less than those not exposed to stress at times 2, 3, and 4.
-(Scenario III) Which type of statistic was used to determine there was an effect of stress on running at weeks 2, 3 and 4?

• A)7.
• B)105.
• C).05.
• D)1.82.

---

Definitions:

Special Forces

Military units trained to conduct special operations, often including unconventional warfare, reconnaissance, and counter-terrorism.

Directions

Instructions on how to get from one place to another.

Fetishes

Objects or bodily parts whose real or fantasized presence is psychologically necessary for sexual gratification.

Magical Powers

Supernatural abilities that allow individuals to perform extraordinary feats beyond normal human capabilities, often found in fantasy and folklore.