Duncan Designed a Study to Examine Whether Sunscreen with a Higher

question 56

Multiple Choice

Duncan designed a study to examine whether sunscreen with a higher SPF was able to protect participants from sunburn better than sunscreen with a lower SPF. To test this, he randomly assigned half of his participants to wear a sunscreen with a SPF of 50. The other half were assigned to wear a sunscreen with a SFP of 35. After five hours in the sun, he compared the level of sunburn across the groups. Which of the following would indicate that his two-group experimental study yielded a significant difference?

• A) t(101) = 5.31, p = .09, d = .29
• B) t(101) = 8.62, p = .03, d = .67
• C) t(101) = 1.61, p = .15, d = .22
• D) t(101) = 2.89, p = .72, d = .30

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Definitions:

Transmissible Disease

An infectious disease that can be spread from one individual to another, either directly or via an intermediary such as a vector.

Living Organism

Any entity that exhibits the characteristics of life, such as growth, reproduction, and the capacity for metabolic activity.

Precautionary Principle

A strategy to cope with possible risks where scientific understanding is yet incomplete, suggesting action to avoid or diminish harm.

Scientific Research

The systematic investigation and study of materials, sources, etc., in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.