An Experiment Was Done to Compare the Effect of Having $\quad$

question 18

Multiple Choice

An experiment was done to compare the effect of having a conversation via a hands-free mobile phone, having a conversation with an in-car passenger, and no distraction (baseline) on driving accuracy. Twenty participants from two different age groups (18-25 years and 26-40 years) took part. All participants in both age groups took part in all three conditions of the experiment (in counterbalanced order) , and their driving accuracy was measured by a layperson who remained unaware of the experimental hypothesis.
-What does the following output table tell us about the age variable?
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1
Transformed Variable: Average
$\begin{array}{|l|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline\text { Source } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Type III Sum } \\\text { of Squares }\end{array} & \text { df } & \text { Mean Square } & {\text { F }} & {\text { Sig. }} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Partial Eta } \\\text { Squared }\end{array}} \\\hline \text { Intercept } & 980.000 & 1 & 980.000 & 845.367 & .000 & .979 \\\text { Age } & 1.800 & 1 & 1.800 & 1.553 & .229 & .079 \\\text { Error } & 20.867 & 18 & 1.159 & & &\\\hline\end{array}$

• A)If we ignore all other variables, the driving accuracy of participants who were between the ages of 18 and 25 years were similar to that of participants who were between the ages of 26 and 40 years.
• B)If we ignore all other variables, participants who were between the ages of 18 and 25 years performed significantly differently than participants who were between the ages of 26 and 40 years.
• C)Participants who were between the ages of 18 and 25 years were less accurate drivers than participants who were between the ages of 26 and 40 years.This was a large effect.
• D)The decline in accuracy across the distraction groups was more pronounced for the younger drivers.

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Definitions:

Brain Imaging

Techniques and processes used to create visual representations of the brain's structure and function for medical and research purposes.

Operant Conditioning

Learning procedure in which the consequences (such as obtaining a reward) of a particular behavior (such as pressing a bar) increase or decrease the probability of the behavior occurring again; also called instrumental conditioning.

Reward Good Behavior

The process of positively reinforcing desired actions or conduct by offering incentives or praise, often used in training and behavior modification.

Extra Recess

Additional break time given to students during the school day, beyond the regular scheduled recess, for physical activity, relaxation, or social interaction.