The Figure Shows a Hypothesis for the Evolution of Visual

question 28

Multiple Choice

The figure shows a hypothesis for the evolution of visual opsins in tetrapods. At the tips, each triangle represents a particular visual pigment found in a modern tetrapod. Along ancestral branches, the hypothesized evolutionary history of these opsins are shown. Which of the following is true of this evolutionary hypothesis?

• A) Squamate reptiles and birds have maintained the ancestral opsins.
• B) Humans have lost a single opsin relative to the tetrapod ancestor.
• C) New world primates lost two opsins, but then gained a new one.
• D) Opsins have been gained and lost in every tetrapod lineage.

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Definitions:

Identity Relationship

The connection or relation between various aspects of an individual's identity, such as cultural, personal, or social attributes.

Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent

A logical fallacy that occurs when, from an if-then statement, one incorrectly infers the if-part solely from the then-part.

Affirming the Consequent

A logical fallacy in which a conclusion is incorrectly derived from a conditional statement (if A, then B; B, therefore A).

Straw Man Fallacy

A logical fallacy that involves misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to attack.