Use This Information for Question That Refer to the United

question 162

Multiple Choice

Use this information for question that refer to the United Tools case. Terry Harter is marketing manager for United Tools and Mike O'Reilly is the firm's logistics manager. They work together to make decisions about how to get United's hand and power tools to its customers--a mix of manufacturing plants and final consumers (who buy United tools at a hardware store) . United Tools does not own its own transport facilities and it works with wholesalers to reach its business customers.
Together, Harter and O'Reilly try to coordinate transporting, storing, and product handling activities to minimize cost while still achieving the customer service level their customers and intermediaries want. This usually requires that United keep an inventory of most of its products on hand, but demand for its products is fairly consistent over time so inventory is easy to manage.
Harter has identified four options for physical distribution systems she could use to reach two of her key wholesalers, Ralston Supply and Ricotta Tool Co. The total cost for each option--and the distribution service levels that can be achieved--are as follows:
Ralston Supply expects a very high level (90 percent) of distribution customer service. Ricotta Tool Co. is willing to settle for a 70 percent customer service level, even if that means some products will occasionally be out of stock, if it gets products at a lower price.
For its large retail hardware customers (like Home Depot) , United regularly ships smaller orders directly to individual stores or in some cases to the retail chain's warehouses. Cross-country shipments usually go by rail while regional shipments usually go by truck.
When United Tools considers its total inventory cost, which of the following would NOT be included?
$\begin{array}{lrl}\text { Main feature of system: }&\text { Total Cost }&\text { Distribution Service Level }\\1.\text { Airfreight } & \$ 1,000,000 & 95 \text { percent } \\2.\text { Inland waterways } & \$ 300,000 & 60 \text { percent } \\3.\text { Trucks } & \$ 500,000 & 70 \text { percent } \\4.\text { Rail and regional } & \$ 650,000 & 80 \text { percent } \\\text { warehouses } & &\end{array}$

• A) Costs of damage to products while in inventory.
• B) Costs of inventory becoming obsolete.
• C) Cost of a storage facility.
• D) Cost of capital invested in the inventory.
• E) All of these should be included in total inventory cost.

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Definitions:

Echoic Memory

A subtype of sensory memory that retains auditory information, allowing sounds to be remembered for a short period after they are heard.

Auditory Impression

The perception or interpretation of sounds by the brain, including how noises, music, and speech are heard and understood.

Procedural Memories

Memories of how to perform tasks or actions, such as riding a bike or swimming, that are usually recalled without conscious effort.

Implicit Memories

Memories that are formed and used unconsciously and can affect thoughts and behaviors without an individual's awareness.