Use This Information for Question That Refer to the United

question 161

Multiple Choice

Use this information for question that refer to the United Tools case. Terry Harter is marketing manager for United Tools and Mike O'Reilly is the firm's logistics manager. They work together to make decisions about how to get United's hand and power tools to its customers--a mix of manufacturing plants and final consumers (who buy United tools at a hardware store) . United Tools does not own its own transport facilities and it works with wholesalers to reach its business customers.
Together, Harter and O'Reilly try to coordinate transporting, storing, and product handling activities to minimize cost while still achieving the customer service level their customers and intermediaries want. This usually requires that United keep an inventory of most of its products on hand, but demand for its products is fairly consistent over time so inventory is easy to manage.
Harter has identified four options for physical distribution systems she could use to reach two of her key wholesalers, Ralston Supply and Ricotta Tool Co. The total cost for each option--and the distribution service levels that can be achieved--are as follows:
Ralston Supply expects a very high level (90 percent) of distribution customer service. Ricotta Tool Co. is willing to settle for a 70 percent customer service level, even if that means some products will occasionally be out of stock, if it gets products at a lower price.
For its large retail hardware customers (like Home Depot) , United regularly ships smaller orders directly to individual stores or in some cases to the retail chain's warehouses. Cross-country shipments usually go by rail while regional shipments usually go by truck.
United's shipments to international markets often rely on containerization. The likely reason for this is that
$\begin{array}{lrl}\text { Main feature of system: }&\text { Total Cost }&\text { Distribution Service Level }\\1.\text { Airfreight } & \$ 1,000,000 & 95 \text { percent } \\2.\text { Inland waterways } & \$ 300,000 & 60 \text { percent } \\3.\text { Trucks } & \$ 500,000 & 70 \text { percent } \\4.\text { Rail and regional } & \$ 650,000 & 80 \text { percent } \\\text { warehouses } & &\end{array}$

• A) the tools are shipped by airfreight.
• B) it makes it easier to move shipments between different transportation modes.
• C) containerization is very useful for small, frequent shipments.
• D) containerization allows a firm to carry less inventory.
• E) all of these are benefits of containerization.

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Definitions:

Pure Monopolist

A market structure in which a single company or entity has exclusive control over the production and sale of a particular product or service, with no close substitutes.

Pure Monopolist

A single seller in a market with no close substitutes for the product offered, enabling significant control over price.

Profit-Maximizing Price

The price point at which a company can sell its product or service to achieve the highest possible profit, considering the balance between price and sales volume.

Pure Monopolist

A single supplier in a market who has complete control over the price and supply of a unique product or service, without any close substitutes.