Which of the Following Types of Sampling Always Causes Bias

question 14

Multiple Choice

Which of the following types of sampling always causes bias or inconsistency in the ordinary least squares estimators?

• A)Random sampling
• B)Exogenous sampling
• C)Endogenous sampling
• D)Stratified sampling

Understand the basic principles and concepts of classical conditioning.

Recognize the role of operant conditioning in shaping behavior.

Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning.

Identify the phenomena of generalization, discrimination, and extinction within the context of conditioning.

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Definitions:

Economic Development

The process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people, often through increased industrial activity, infrastructure development, and workforce improvement.

Railroads

Transportation systems consisting of tracks and trains, used for the movement of goods and passengers.

Ganglion Cells

Types of neurons located near the inner surface of the retina of the eye, which process visual information and send it to the brain.

Axons

Long, thread-like structures in neurons that transmit electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body, crucial for neural communication.