Assume that the data looks as follows:
Y = 
,U = 
,X = 
,and β = (β1)
Using the formula for the OLS estimator 
= ( 
X)-1 
Y,derive the formula for 
1,the only slope in this "regression through the origin."
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Equipment-delivered Services
Services that are provided with the aid of specialized equipment, often involving maintenance, delivery, and operation of the equipment itself.
Fee-delivered Services
Services for which a specific fee is charged, encompassing tasks delivered to consumers or businesses that require payment upon completion or delivery.
People-based Services
Services that are intensely labor-oriented, where the quality and value are heavily dependent on the personal skills, interactions, and professionalism of the service provider.
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