Which of the Following Most Accurately Reflects the Symbolic View

question 15

Multiple Choice

Which of the following most accurately reflects the symbolic view of management?

• A) Managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure.
• B) Managers have to ensure that every obstacle is overcome on the way to achieving the organization's goals.
• C) External forces are responsible for an organization's success or failure.
• D) Employees are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A behavioral concept where the removal of an adverse stimulus strengthens a behavior or increases its likelihood of being repeated.

Operant Conditioning

A process of instruction where behaviors are adjusted by the application of reinforcements or deterrents.

Learned Association

The process by which two pieces of information, or a behavior and a response, are linked together through conditioning.

Response

A reaction to a specific stimulus or situation.