All the Following Are Methods of Comparison Used in Performance

question 13

Multiple Choice

All the following are methods of comparison used in performance measurement. Which are inadequate as modern measures?
i. Standard costs
ii. Past periods
iii. Budget targets
iv. Benchmarks

• A) i, ii and iv
• B) ii, iii and iv
• C) i, iii and iv
• D) i, ii and iii

Comprehend the development and impact of implicit leadership and followership theories.

Discern the distinction between formal and informal leadership and their origins.

Grasp the role of social construction and identity construction in leadership processes.

Identify the characteristics of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory and its impact on organizational outcomes.

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Definitions:

Decision-Making Process

A series of steps that an individual or group takes to identify and evaluate options to make a choice.

Political Model

A framework describing the power dynamics, decision-making processes, and conflict resolutions within organizations, often highlighting competition among different interests.

Influence Methods

Techniques or strategies used to sway or change others' opinions, behaviors, or decisions.

Rational Model

A decision-making framework that assumes individuals make decisions based on logical and systematic analysis of alternatives, leading to optimal outcomes.