Hofstede (1980) Presented a Statistical Analysis of About 117,000 Questionnaires

question 19

Multiple Choice

Hofstede (1980) presented a statistical analysis of about 117,000 questionnaires collected in 1967 and 1973 from employees working in IBM subsidiaries in 40 different countries. The most important result of this analysis was a theoretical formulation of value dimensions for representing differences among national cultures, which consists of:

• A) Power distance
• B) Masculinity/feminity
• C) Uncertainty avoidance
• D) Individual-collectivism
• E) All of the above

---

Definitions:

Foreign Exchange Reserve

Holdings of foreign currencies and precious metals by a country's central bank or monetary authority, used to back its liabilities and influence monetary policy.

Banks

Institutions licensed to receive deposits, offer loans, and provide various financial services to individuals and businesses.

Economic Problems

Issues affecting an economy, including inflation, unemployment, and poverty.

Financial Institutions

Financial institutions are organizations that provide financial services, including banks, credit unions, insurance companies, and investment firms, facilitating the flow of funds and financial transactions.