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Shifting Cultivation Is a Relatively New Cropping System,first Used in the 1960s

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Shifting cultivation is a relatively new cropping system,first used in the 1960s.


Definitions:

Instrumentality

The belief that a particular action will lead to a particular outcome, emphasizing the means-end relationship in motivation theories.

Valence

The perceived value or desirability of a reward or outcome, influencing motivation and goal-directed behavior.

Locke's Goal-Setting Theory

A theory suggesting that specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback contribute to higher and better task performance.

Average Total Cost

The total cost of production divided by the number of goods produced, representing the per-unit cost of production.

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