Many Synapse Components, Neural Fate and Patterning Genes, and Neurotransmitters

question 11

Essay

Many synapse components, neural fate and patterning genes, and neurotransmitters are found in both cnidarians and ctenophores, which have nerve nets, but not in sponges, which do not. Ctenophores are currently believed to be the outgroup to cnidarians, bilaterians, and sponges, casting doubt on the origins of nervous systems. What are two plausible scenarios consistent with these observations, and how could one experimentally distinguish between them?

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Definitions:

Cultural Experience

Refers to the exposure or interaction with cultures different from one's own, often leading to increased understanding, respect, and appreciation for diversity.

Material Culture

Comprises the tools and techniques that enable people to accomplish tasks.

Cultural Elements

Components or aspects that collectively define the lifestyle, values, beliefs, and traditions of a particular society or group.

Canadian-Born

A term describing individuals who were born in Canada, regardless of their ancestry, citizenship status, or the nationality of their parents.