Twin Studies Found the Following Correlation Coefficients (R) for Monozygotic

question 7

Essay

Twin studies found the following correlation coefficients (r) for monozygotic (MZ) vs. dizygotic (DZ) twins: $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline& \mathrm { rMZ } & \mathrm { rDZ } \\\hline \text { Alcoholism (males) } & 0.4 & 0.21 \\\hline \text { Autism } & 0.65 & 0.1 \\\hline \text { Reading disability } & 0.75 & 0.45 \\\hline \text { Schizophrenia } & 0.5 & 0.19 \\\hline\end{array}$ Data from Plomin R, Owen MJ & McGuffin P (1994) Science 264:1733-1739.
Which mental trait has the lowest heritability (contribution of genetic differences to trait differences)? Briefly explain your reasoning.

Recognize the major innovations brought by Giotto and their departure from the Italo-Byzantine style.

Identify key figures of the Renaissance and their contributions to the development of the style.

Understand the influences of different styles (Byzantine, French Gothic, Hellenistic, Classical) on Renaissance and medieval art.

Recognize the characteristics and influences in the works of major artists like Duccio, Nicola Pisano, and Simone Martini.

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Definitions:

Certainty Effect

The tendency for people to overvalue outcomes that are certain compared to those that are only probable.

Reactance

A motivational reaction to offers, persons, rules, or regulations that threaten or eliminate specific behavioral freedoms, prompting a desire to regain them.

Reactance Theory

A psychological theory suggesting that people have an aversive reaction to restrictions of their freedoms, leading to a motivation to regain them.

Forbidden Behaviors

Acts that are prohibited or discouraged within a society or group due to cultural, social, or legal norms and values.