Figure Q1-14 Shows Commonly Used Circuit Motifs

question 3

Short Answer

Figure Q1-14 shows commonly used circuit motifs. Identify the type of circuit motif featured in each of the following examples. Figure Q1-14
A. In the vertebrate retina, afferent neurons excite inhibitory interneurons that project onto the targets of their neighbors.
B. Sensory neurons relay somatosensory stimuli to the primary somatosensory cortex via nuclei in the brainstem and thalamus.
C. A class of cerebral cortical neurons inhibits other classes of inhibitory neurons in the brain, indirectly increasing the activity of final targets.
D. In the insect olfactory system, excitatory projection neuron axons project to two different brain structures, the mushroom body and the lateral horn.
E. In the vertebrate knee-jerk reflex, two parallel excitatory pathways inhibit each other via inhibitory neuron intermediates.

Understand the basics of protist diversity, their broad categories, and characteristics.

Recognize the ecological role and significance of microbial eukaryotes and protists in ecosystems.

Identify the structural and functional features unique to various protist groups.

Explain the life cycles and reproductive strategies of different protists.

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Definitions:

Material Remains

Physical artifacts or evidence from past human activity, including buildings, tools, and pottery, used in archaeology.

Archaeological Site

Locations where remains of past human activities are preserved and which archaeologists study to understand historical cultures and civilizations.

Paleoanthropology

The anthropological study of biological changes through time (evolution) to understand the origins and predecessors of the present human species.

Human Evolution

The lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestors, spanning millions of years.