The Data in the Following Table Represent Time-Study Observations on a New

question 19

Essay

The data in the following table represent time-study observations on a new operation with three work elements. On the basis of these observations, find the standard time for the process. Assume an 8% allowance factor. $$\begin{array} { | c | c | c | c | c | c | } \hline & & { \text { Observations(times in seconds) } } \\\hline \text { Element } & \text { Performance Rating } & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\\hline 1 & 105 \% & 110.2 & 110.8 & 112.3 & 108.7 \\\hline 2 & 90 \% & 114.7 & 115.7 & 114.8 & 114.2 \\\hline 3 & 115 \% & 109.2 & 109.3 & 109.2 & 108.9 \\\hline\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Causes and Costs

Causes and costs refer to the underlying reasons behind events or actions and the associated expenses or consequences that result from them.

Ambiguity in Laws

Situations where laws are unclear, open to multiple interpretations, or vague, leading to legal uncertainties and challenges.

Greater Corruption

Enhanced levels of dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery or embezzlement.

Deviant Activities

Actions that deviate from societal norms and are often considered undesirable or unacceptable by the majority.