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TABLE 11-9
the Marketing Manager of a Company \quad

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TABLE 11-9
The marketing manager of a company producing a new cereal aimed for children wants to examine the effect of the color and shape of the box's logo on the approval rating of the cereal. He combined 4 colors and 3 shapes to produce a total of 12 designs. Each logo was presented to 2 different groups (a total of 24 groups) and the approval rating for each was recorded and is shown below. The manager analyzed these data using the ? = 0.05 level of significance for all inferences.
\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad  COLORS \text { COLORS }
 SHAPES  Red  Green  Blue  Yellow  Circle 5467364544614441 Square 3456362136583025 Diamond 4660343148603833\begin{array} { l l l l l } \text { SHAPES } & \text { Red } & \text { Green } & \text { Blue } & \text { Yellow } \\\hline \text { Circle } & 54 & 67 & 36 & 45 \\ & 44 & 61 & 44 & 41 \\ \text { Square } & 34 & 56 & 36 & 21 \\ & 36 & 58 & 30 & 25 \\ \text { Diamond } & 46 & 60 & 34 & 31 \\ & 48 & 60 & 38 & 33 \end{array}

 Analysis of Variance \text { Analysis of Variance }
 Source dfSS MS Fp Colors 32711.17903.7272300.000 Shapes 2579.00289.5023.160.000 Interaction 6150.3325.062.000.144 Error 12150.0012.50 Total 233590.50\begin{array}{lrcrrr}\hline \text { Source } & d f & {S S} & {\text { MS }} & {F} & p \\\hline \text { Colors } & 3 & 2711.17 & 903.72 & 7230 & 0.000 \\\text { Shapes } & 2 & 579.00 & 289.50 & 23.16 & 0.000 \\\text { Interaction } & 6 & 150.33 & 25.06 & 2.00 & 0.144 \\\text { Error } & 12 & 150.00 & 12.50 & & \\\text { Total } & 23 & 3590.50 & & &\end{array}


-Referring to Table 11-9, the value of the statistic used to test for significant differences between colors is_____ .


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