________ Threats to Internal Validity Refer to Any Events or Influences

question 45

Multiple Choice

________ threats to internal validity refer to any events or influences beyond those of the researcher that occur during the experiment and have the potential to affect the experimental outcome.

• A)Testing
• B)Researcher bias
• C)Premeasurement
• D)Historical
• E)Mortality

---

Definitions:

Maladaptiveness

A characteristic of certain behaviors or traits that are counterproductive or ineffective in achieving desired outcomes in a given context.

95th Percentile

A statistical measure indicating that 95% of the data points fall below this value, often used to identify outliers or set benchmarks in various fields.

Narcissism

A personality trait characterized by an excessive focus on oneself, a need for admiration, and often a lack of empathy for others.

Cognitive Confusion

A state of being perplexed or puzzled, often resulting from unclear or conflicting information.