Why Is It Unwise to Conclude That If Two Variables

question 168

Multiple Choice

Why is it unwise to conclude that if two variables are correlated, one must have caused the other?

• A) Variables can never be measured with complete accuracy.
• B) Any single variable is bound to have multiple causes.
• C) Some unmeasured third variable might make them appear related when in fact they are not.
• D) It is impossible to conclude that two variables are related unless one can measure them perfectly.

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Definitions:

Free Association

Method of uncovering unconscious conflicts in which the client is taught to talk about whatever comes to mind, without censoring any thoughts.

Humanistic

An approach in psychology that emphasizes empathy and stresses the good in human behavior, focusing on the individual's potential for growth and self-actualization.

Innate Capacity

An inherent ability or potential present from birth, not developed through experience.

Psychosexual Stage

A concept in Freudian psychoanalysis that describes five stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) through which a child's personality and sexual behavior mature.