Questions Refer to Table 12-4 SOURCE TABLE -Refer to Table 12-4

question 31

Multiple Choice

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect) .
Table 12-4
TABLE OF MEANS:

$\begin{array}{c}\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\\\begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \\ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \\ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \\ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \\ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}$

SOURCE TABLE


$\begin{array}{lcccccc}\text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\\text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \\\quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \\\quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \\& & & & & \\\text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \\\quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \\\text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\\\\\text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29\end{array}$
-Refer to Table 12-4. The main effect for confederate demeanor ____ significant; therefore, we should conclude that

• A) is; participants felt more positive affect after interacting with a pleasant confederate versus an unpleasant confederate.
• B) is not; participants felt more positive affect after interacting with a pleasant confederate versus an unpleasant confederate.
• C) is; there are no differences in positive affect ratings as a function of interacting with a pleasant versus unpleasant confederate.
• D) is not; there are no differences in positive affect ratings as a function of interacting with a pleasant versus unpleasant confederate.

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Definitions:

Incentive

A motivating factor or reward that encourages a person to perform an action or exhibit a behavior.

Motivational Processes

The underlying influences, dynamics, or mechanisms that direct an individual's behavior towards achieving certain goals or fulfilling needs.

Observational Learning

A learning process through which behaviors are acquired by watching and imitating others.

Extinction Processes

The gradual reduction and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.