New Biosensors, Applied Like a Temporary Tattoo to the Skin

question 68

Multiple Choice

New biosensors, applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin, can alert serious athletes that they are about to "hit the wall" and will find it difficult to continue exercising. These biosensors monitor lactate, a form of lactic acid, released in sweat during strenuous exercise. Which of the statements below is the best explanation of why athletes would need to monitor lactate levels?

• A) During aerobic respiration, muscle cells cannot produce enough lactate to fuel muscle cell contractions, and muscles begin to cramp, thus athletic performance suffers.
• B) During anaerobic respiration, lactate levels increase when muscles cells need more energy; however, muscles cells eventually fatigue, thus athletes should modify their activities to increase aerobic respiration.
• C) During aerobic respiration, muscles cells produce too much lactate, which causes a rise in the pH of the muscle cells, thus athletes must consume increased amounts of sports drinks, high in electrolytes, to buffer the pH.
• D) During anaerobic respiration, muscle cells receive too little oxygen and begin to convert lactate to pyruvate (pyruvic acid), thus athletes experience cramping and fatigue.

Outline the structure and function of different white blood cells.

Understand the physiological responses to infection and injury.

Identify the consequences of abnormal red blood cell morphology.

Describe the formation and significance of bilirubin.

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Definitions:

Management Styles

The various approaches and methods employed by leaders in guiding, directing, and motivating employees to achieve organizational objectives.

Knowledge Management

The efficient handling, organizing, and sharing of information and knowledge within an organization.

Classical Management

A theory of management focused on the efficiency of the work process through division of labor, hierarchy, and strict control mechanisms.

Total Quality Management

A management approach focused on improving the quality of all organizational processes through ongoing refinements in response to continuous feedback.