Use the Figure to Answer the Question

question 67

Multiple Choice

Use the figure to answer the question.
A: Morphological phylogeny.

B: Molecular phylogeny.

In the traditional phylogeny (A) , the phylum Platyhelminthes is depicted as a sister taxon to the rest of the protostome phyla and as having diverged earlier from the lineage that led to the rest of the protostomes. In the molecular phylogeny (B) , Platyhelminthes is depicted as a Lophotrochozoan phylum. What probably led to this change?

• A) Platyhelminthes ceased to be recognized as true protostomes.
• B) The removal of the acoel flatworms (Acoela) from the Platyhelminthes allowed the remaining flatworms to be a monophyletic clade clearly tied to the Lophotrochozoa.
• C) All Platyhelminthes must have a well-developed lophophore as their feeding apparatus.
• D) Platyhelminthes' close genetic ties to the arthropods became clear as their Hox gene sequences were studied.

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Definitions:

Secondary Socialization

The process of learning appropriate behavior within smaller sections of the larger society, such as schools, workplaces, and peer groups, after primary socialization in the family.

Resocialization

The process by which one's sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are reengineered, often deliberately, through an intense social process that may involve considerable stress or effort.

Stages of Development

This term describes the sequential phases of growth or progress in a particular area, often used in psychology, sociology, and economics to model change over time.

George Herbert Mead

An American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist, known for his work in developing the theory of social behaviorism and symbolic interactionism.