TABLE 14-16
the Superintendent of a School District Wanted

question 252

True/False

TABLE 14-16
The superintendent of a school district wanted to predict the percentage of students passing a sixth-grade proficiency test. She obtained the data on percentage of students passing the proficiency test (% Passing), daily average of the percentage of students attending class (% Attendance), average teacher salary in dollars (Salaries), and instructional spending per pupil in dollars (Spending) of 47 schools in the state.
Following is the multiple regression output with Y = % Passing as the dependent variable, X₁ = % Attendance, X₂ = Salaries and
X₃ = Spending:
$\begin{array}{lr}\hline\text {Regression Statistics } \\\hline \text {Multiple R }& 0.7930 \\\text {R Square} & 0.6288 \\\text {Adjusted R Square} & 0.6029 \\\text {Standard Error }& 10.4570 \\\text {Observations }& 47 \\\hline\end{array}$


ANOVA
$\begin{array}{lccccc}\hline &\text { d f } &\text { SS }& \text { MS }& \text { F } & \text { Significance F} \\\hline \text { Regression }& 3 & 7965.08 & 2655.03 & 24.2802 & 2.3853 \mathrm{E}-09 \\\text { Residual} & 43 & 4702.02 & 109.35 & & \\\text { Total }& 46 & 12667.11 & & & \\\hline\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{lrrrrrr}\hline &\text { Coeffs} & \text { Stnd Err} &\text { t Stat} &\text { p -value }&\text { Lower 95\%} \text { Upper 95\%} \\\hline\text { Intercept }& -753.4225 & 101.1149 & -7.4511 & 2.88 \mathrm{E}-09 & -957.3401 & -549.5050 \\\%\text { Attend }& 8.5014 & 1.0771 & 7.8929 & 6.73 \mathrm{E}-10 & 6.3292 & 10.6735 \\\text { Salary} & 6.85 \mathrm{E}-07 & 0.0006 & 0.0011 & 0.9991 & -0.0013 & 0.0013 \\\text { Spending }& 0.0060 & 0.0046 & 1.2879 & 0.2047 & -0.0034 & 0.0153 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Referring to Table 14-16, the null hypothesis H₀ : ?₁ = ?₂ = ?₃ = 0 implies that percentage of students passing the proficiency test is not affected by any of the explanatory variables.

Grasp the significance of transportation in supply chain design and cost management.

Appreciate how transportation across different modes contributes to time and place utility.

Understand the relationship between product value and transportation mode selection.

Recognize the role of third-party logistics (3PL) in transportation management.

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Definitions:

Matched Pairs Experiment

An experimental design in which participants are paired based on certain criteria, and each pair is split between control and treatment groups for comparison.

Matched Samples

Pairs of samples that are intentionally matched or paired based on certain characteristics before conducting an experiment or analysis.

Independent Samples

Samples drawn from populations in such a way that the sample values selected from one population are not influenced by those selected from the other population.

Significance Level

The significance level, often denoted by alpha, is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true, used as a threshold in hypothesis testing.