$$\text { TABLE 10-5 }$$ To Test the Effectiveness of a Business School Preparation Course

question 46

Multiple Choice

$$\text { TABLE 10-5 }$$ To test the effectiveness of a business school preparation course, 8 students took a general business test before and after the course. The results are given below.
$$\begin{array} { c c c } \hline \text { Student } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Exam Score } \\\text { Before Course (1) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Exam Score } \\\text { After Course (2) }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 530 & 670 \\2 & 690 & 770 \\3 & 910 & 1,000 \\4 & 700 & 710 \\5 & 450 & 550 \\6 & 820 & 870 \\7 & 820 & 770 \\8 & 630 & 610\end{array}$$
-Referring to Table 10-5, the value of the sample mean difference is ______if the difference scores reflect the results of the exam after the course minus the results of the exam before the course.

• A) 50
• B) 400
• C) 68
• D) 0

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Definitions:

Tolman

Tolman is known for his contribution to cognitive psychology, particularly for his theory of latent learning and cognitive maps in rats.

Holistic Point of View

An approach that emphasizes understanding the whole person or system rather than analyzing its parts in isolation.

Tolman's Theory

Edward C. Tolman's theory of cognitive behaviorism, suggesting that learning involves the acquisition of knowledge rather than just responses to stimuli, emphasizing cognitive maps and latent learning.

Incentive Motivation

Motivation driven by the desire to gain external rewards or avoid negative outcomes.